Child crime essays

Kid wrongdoing expositions Crush! The sound of your vehicle window being broken not long before your sound system, CDs and other individual things are taken. Wrongdoing has consistently been a constant issue in the public eye with no genuine arrangement. Society has moved its endeavors from anticipation of wrongdoing to the subject of what discipline to set for guilty parties after they have carried out the wrongdoing. Society has rewarded violations submitted by kids with a similar deduction as those submitted by grown-ups, discipline not counteraction. Guardians exposed some obligation regarding the violations their kids carry out and the avoidance of such wrongdoings. Parents being in part liable for their childrens violations has raised a lot of restriction. Numerous who contradict parent duty accept that since the parent isn't very perpetrating the wrongdoing that they ought not hold up under any obligation or discipline. All the more enthusiastically contradict the guardians being considered dependable on the grounds that the guardians would get harsher disciplines then the youngsters who really perpetrated the wrongdoings. Those restricting the law additionally raise worry about the viability of such a law, which considers guardians dependable, on reducing wrongdoings submitted by youngsters. Probably the biggest concern being raised is the manner by which the law recognizes great guardians with wild adolescents and terrible guardians who just dont care. One last idea was raised to my consideration which is that youngsters are not awful and guardians have not bombed them, yet that society has neglected to make after school exercises for kids d riving them to wickedness. I feel educated of such perspectives and comprehend where such restriction originates from, yet additionally feel that due to such understanding and information on said perspectives I am completely prepared to compose such a law tending to concerns raised by resistance of parental obligation laws. Presently that Ive given you a significant number of the restricting perspectives to a law holding guardians responsi... <!

Analysis of “A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings by Gabriel Garcia Marquez”

The plot of â€Å"A extremely Old Man with Enormous Wings† is incredible, yet such dreamlike methodology is common for Marques. This is an account of a heavenly attendant, who came into this world, however individuals would not remember him, so the disillusioned blessed messenger needed to leave[1].Marques utilized a language, which has all the earmarks of being fairly basic: he just recounts to a story as though he was telling it to kids: with straightforward words and without an excessive amount of artistic modernity. This makes the story like a legend or an illustration. The story creates in consistent time stream from the earliest starting point to the end.Marques, as a writer, takes an impartial situation in the content, he gives an outline of that what has occurred and leaves an opportunity of assessment for the reader.However, a peruser can barely neglect to be moved, in any event on the grounds that even a basically recounted story is awesome: a heavenly attendant goes to the world.Another point of Marques’s straightforward and in any event, exhausting language is to underline the lack of concern of the greater part of the characters, regardless of whether it is father Gonzaga, who dismisses a holy messenger in light of the fact that the holy messenger doesn't speak Latin, a language of Roman Catholic Church, or Elisenda, who discovers nothing better, than to sell tickets, as though observing a holy messenger was a show.The thought of Marques is self-evident: individuals are so distant from God, that they can't perceive His messenger.Time and spot of the story are obscure. It must be proposed, that it is some Spanish-talking nation. Marques talks about the time as â€Å"in those times† making a story considerably progressively like a legend.Such style of composing is rendered as ‘magical realism’, on the grounds that it is separated from reality by vulnerability of time and place and by able bumbling of genuine and phen omenal elements[2].Marques has himself called â€Å"A extremely Old Man with Enormous Wings† a story for kids. It has been written in the period between his two milestone books: ‘One Hundred Years of Solitude’ and ‘The Autumn of the Patriarch’ in an extraordinarily simple manner[3].Nevertheless, it incorporates practically all components of supernatural authenticity, which can be found in his incredible books: a world, which exists without anyone else without ties with the encompassing, awesome animals which enter the world, and scriptural language of story-telling.Is it a story for kids? In a manner truly, it is a story for kids or possibly for the individuals who are not yet profoundly grown-up. It isn't Marques’s shortcoming, that a large portion of his crowd seems, by all accounts, to be â€Å"spiritual children†.As any youngsters they must be cautioned about conceivable poor outcomes of their activity, and in this sense the tale of Marques speaks to such notice. Quite occurs in the story, what can be called clearly detestable aside from a certain something: individuals in their day by day schedule have overlooked God.Works cited:1. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, at http://www.geocities.com/cyber_explorer99/garciamarquezoldman.html (last saw: October 16, 2007)2. Faulkner, Tom.â â€Å"An Overview of ‘A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings.’†Ã¢ Exploring Short Stories.â Detroit: Gale Research, 1998.â Rpt. Hurricane Database: Literature Resource Center, 1999. Accessible at: http://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/eng104/marquezviews.htm (last saw: October 16, 2007)3. Nicholas Tornaritis. GradeSaver(tm) ClassicNotes A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, GradeSaver, LLC, 2006[1] For the story see: Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, at http://www.geocities.com/cyber_explorer99/garciamarquezoldman.html (last saw: October 16, 2007)[2] Faulkner, T om.â â€Å"An Overview of ‘A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings.’†Ã¢ Exploring Short Stories.â Detroit: Gale Research, 1998.â Rpt. Hurricane Database: Literature Resource Center, 1999. Accessible at: http://web.cocc.edu/cagatucci/classes/eng104/marquezviews.htm (last saw: October 16, 2007)[3] Nicholas Tornaritis. GradeSaver(tm) ClassicNotes A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings, GradeSaver, LLC, 2006. P.- 19

How I Drive Traffic To My Blog Without Buying Ads

How I Drive Traffic To My Blog Without Buying Ads Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How I Drive Traffic To My Blog Without Buying AdsUpdated On 21/06/2015Author : Michael ChibuzorTopic : Blogging FeaturedShort URL : http://hbb.me/1szowmW CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogSince I started blogging, I have never invested my hard earned money on web traffic. What about you?Well, I want to reveal some eye-popping methods I use daily to drive decent traffic to my site and blogs. Some of these methods bring in instant results, I mean within 12 hours, the traffic have already started rolling in.Truth is, without the right traffic, you’re not going to make any money online. Period!So, how do you make sure you get a handful of this traffic to your blog? That is what I’m about to reveal to you. But before then, do you know that there are thousands of buyers who are ready, willing and rich enough to buy your affiliate products, join your membership sites or e ven click on your adSense ads?Absolutely, there are buyers online right now.Some of the traffic methods I use include:(1). Tutorials SubmissionThe moment I discovered how hot this traffic system is, I gave my entire strength to it and I have never failed. There are so many beginners who come online everyday looking for simple step by step guide on doing something. Unfortunately, experts who market their products online are so eager to sell that they neglect to provide tutorials â€" they are so busy to write a decent review for beginners.That is where you come in. what niche are you in? if you can write an easy tutorial on how to do that “one” thing, you will drive free targeted traffic everyday. And most importantly, your blog or site would become a resource where beginners will find refuge.Your tutorial doesn’t have to be lengthy, just simple and straight forward. For instance, if you’re into graphics, web design or SEO, you can write 7 steps to design a blog fast, how to d esign a web header etc.READ10 B2B Strategies To Win With PinterestMake sure you link back to your site for more information. You would be amazed by how much targeted traffic you drive to your site everyday. Go try it!(2). Press Release DistributionDo you use this? You’ve been missing so much on the web, if you have not been utilizing this powerful traffic source. I use it and can boldly tell you the strength and trail it can leave on your site. When you write a press release, you distribute it to press release sites; they will automatically post your content throughout their high trafficked sites. Guess what happens next?Targeted traffic rushing to your site within 12 hours! However, when you write your press release, take note that you do it in the Third Party. i.e. don’t write as though you are the owner of the site, simply announce your product and people to check it out on the blog.You can start your press release description like this:Designing a web site has never been thi s simple. A new site is now launched with helpful resources for those who are eager to learn. You will discover that by merely following some few steps, your new site would be up and running within hours. Check out the site at: your site hereThat is it for press release distribution.I use these 2 traffic tips to get all the traffic I need to build my responsive list, sell my affiliate offers and build a brand as a credible blogger. Don’t just stop here, take action today and watch your web traffic stats skyrocket.Image Credit: merceatingThis article is written by Michael Chibuzor. He often writes about SEO Tips, Promotional codes at coupon blogs that share OnSale electronics coupons, Drobo and Panda coupons.

Essay about Examining Genocides in Germany, Armenia, and...

When people think of the word, ‘holocaust’, they probably think of World War II, Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler, and concentration camps. In reality, there have been many holocausts before and since the most famous Holocaust in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (Roth). Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary defines the word, ‘holocaust’, as â€Å"a thorough destruction involving extensive loss of life especially through fire†. This definition describes the Nazi Holocaust, the Armenian genocide, and genocide in Darfur, to name a few (UHRC). In 1933, Hitler’s Nazi regime took power in Germany at a time where the people lacked patriotism and were upset with their government. After losing World War I, Hitler’s anti-Semitism mindset was based on his ideals†¦show more content†¦4). In 1913, â€Å"three of the Young Turks helped to gain control of Turkey’s government via a coup† (UHRC, par. 10). They wanted to create a †Å"great and eternal land called Turan with one language and one religion† (UHRC, par. 10). The genocide began on April 24, 1915, when â€Å"300 Armenian political leaders, educators, writers, clergy and dignitaries in Istanbul were taken from their homes, briefly jailed and tortured, then hanged or shot† just for being a non-believer in the Muslim religion (UHRC, par. 19). After this, many Armenian men were being arrested for no real reason. They were then taken and shot or bayoneted by Turkish soldiers. Now, it was time for the Armenian women and children. These people were â€Å"ordered to pack a few belongings and be ready to leave home, under the pretext that they were being relocated to a non-military zone for their own safety when they were actually being taken on death marches heading south toward the Syrian Desert† (UHRC, par. 21). Over a million people took part in these â€Å"death marches† with almost  ¾ of people dying while traveling through the desert. After these two genocides, one may look at the past and ask, how could this death and destruction possibly happen again? The bad part is that it is happening again in the Darfur region of Sudan. This region is â€Å"about the size of Texas† (DarfurScores, par. 1) and â€Å"five thousand die every month†Show MoreRelatedIs Canada Committed Acts Of Genocide?1882 Words   |  8 PagesIntro: When the term â€Å"genocide† is used, the majority of people will immediately call to memory one of a few widely recognized instances where this atrocity was committed. The Holocaust, Rwanda, Darfur or Armenia are among the most well known, but are they the only instances where genocide has occurred? Surely not, but this is indicative of a problem we are faced with today. Since the term â€Å"genocide† was coined, countries are very wary of admitting to any acts of wrongdoing in their history which

Totalitarianism Is A Form Of Fascism - 2182 Words

Totalitarianism is a politically run system where the state holds total authority and power over society and pursues control of all aspects of communal and private life. Totalitarianism is a form of fascism and it is thought that the idea came about in the 1920s with the Weimar German political and legal theorist, and later Nazi academic, Carl Schmitt and Italian Fascists. There are several features that are common to totalitarian regimes. They are usually one-party states governed by a dictator or a dynamic leader with an ideology and encourage general support through power and political strength. They exercise absolute authority and dominate the government. Their methods of enforcement usually involve terror, violence and censorship through the police and military. They look to control religion, education and communication with propaganda. Nazism or National Socialism ‘Nationalsozialismus’ is an ideology that established its political system in the regime that Germany was governed by from 1933-1945. Nazism consists of another totalitarian ideology, fascism. The objective of both ideologies is to create a totalitarian state, a bureaucratic state, where the government has complete power and is entirely dominant in relation to the individual. Nazism was specifically characterised by creating an appealing leader figure in Adolf Hitler. Nazism’s ideological characteristics can be discovered in Hitler’s autobiographical book, Mein Kampf (‘My Struggle’). This book was writtenShow MoreRelatedUsage of Propaganda in Totalitarian Governments versus Democratic Governments1069 Words   |  5 Pagescommanding corner†¦BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Orwell, 2). What this quote describes is a totalitarianism government. The posters that are found all over are a constant reminder that the government that controls them. Totalitarianism is a form of government in which all social norms are governed by the state in order to control and gain access to all forms of public and private life. Totalitarianism or totalitarian state is a term used by some political scientists to describe a political systemRead MoreWorld War II : A Totalitarian Government Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagescountries. The totalitarian form of government began with the reign of Joseph Stalin, the dictator of The Soviet Union, and Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. A totalitarian government is known as a society that is run by a dictator, but not all dictatorships are from a totalitarian government (4.). Those living in a totalitarian society have little to no freedom and are controlled by the government. Another word to refer to the totalitarian government system is the word fascism. During World War IIRead MoreWorld War Ii Research Report Essay1668 Words   |  7 Pagesideals and World War II Hundreds of philosophers and historians possess the concern of how the modern world has come into being. Many issues, from The Great War to World War II have effects society today. This paper will trace the rise of totalitarianism in Italy as well as other European countries between 1918 and 1939, and the contrast to political developments in Great Britain, France, and the United States. In this paper the subject to explain is the Holocaust in the context of World War IIRead More Totalitarianism in Brave New World Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe formative years of the 1900’s, suffered from communism, fascism, and capitalism. The author of the Brave New World, Mr. Aldous Huxley lived in a social order in which he had been exposed to all three of these systems. In the society of the Brave New World, which is set 600 years into the future, individuality is not condoned and the special motto â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability† frames the structure of the Totalita rian Government. The Brave New World â€Å"community† is divided into five castesRead MoreEssay on Communism vs Fascism834 Words   |  4 Pagesby the people.† The definition of fascism is â€Å"A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.† Communism and Fascism are both forms of Totalitarianism, which is when the ruler has complete power over everyone. There is a fine line between the differences of Communism and Fascism, however these next three articlesRead MoreLiberal Democracy Vs. 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In order to understand these two movements, one should get to know the meaning of these terms. Such political id eology as Fascism is used in reference to the style of ruling that arose in Italy after The First WorldRead More What is Fascism? Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Fascism? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When the word â€Å"fascism† is mentioned people usually associate the word with German Nazis’. There is more to fascism than just German Nazis.’ Fascism is an interesting topic that should be further examined and explained so it is no longer simply associated with German Nazis’. This essay will explain what fascism is (definition), how fascism groups are run, the ideology of fascism, and some past examples of how fascist governments operated. Fascism is aRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Last Novel Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesintegrated the current tensions and situations, such as; the end of the second World War and Adolf Hitler’s reign, that were going on around the time he wrote this novel, which was in 1949, and he foreshadows the consequences of what could happen if totalitarianism took over continents. In particular he focusses on the main protagonist, Winston, regularly made me question whether or not he is actually unhappy living under the control of the government as he never does anything that makes a drastic differenceRead MoreUtopia Is A Dangerous Idea, Responsible For Millions Of Deaths Throughout The Twentieth Century1463 Words   |  6 Pagesgaining traction and frighteningly resembling the rise of fascism in the first half of the twentieth century. This is a direct consequence of European liberalism. How could Europeans fall back to fascism after the tragedy that took place not even one century ago, due to the same system? It is the result of applying the pragmatic principles they ve adopted from the utopian European Union, in solving the problems with fascism. They believe that fascism would have worked perfectly in Germany, had it not

Subculture/Counterculture of Raves - 1834 Words

Sami Piper Kelly Davis Sociology 100 10 October 2011 Raves and Ecstasy Rave. What does one think of the word rave? Does ranting and raving come to mind as a way of communication or does flashing lights, dance music, and the use of drugs come to mind? If the youth of society were to be asked this question, every single of one of them would refer the word rave as a party filled with dance music and ecstasy. This youth movement has evolved into an electronic music subculture known as rave (Morris 1). A subculture is a separate world within the larger dominant culture that has the same values of the dominant culture but is different enough to be classified as a subculture (Henslin 46). The rave subculture can be also be classified as†¦show more content†¦They will arrest and criminally prosecute rave promoters and mangers for ultimately making raves readily available for the use of ecstasy (Karden 99). Rave promoters and managers are also at blame for making the rave environment suitable for ecstasy users by selling things like pacifiers, light sticks, and Vicks vapor rub (Kraden 99). Ecstasy users use these types of things to enhance their high throughout the night. Rave promotors are well aware that pacifiers signify ecstasy use at a rave and these promotors are going to be the ones at fault for providing a space knowing ecstasy use will occur. The rave culture is the product of ecstasy. The reasoning behind all the norms of this counterculture is ecstasy. Even if some rave goers are not using ecstasy, the environment at a rave that results from ecstasy use can be jus as much considered deviant as actually taking ecstasy (Tackaberry 1). Although ecstasy produces a congenial and compassionate state of mind, it also causes a a heightened sense of sexual pleasure (Hess). Therefore, the user might be willing to get intimate with anyone, girl or guy. According to society, having sexual intercourse with out love is considered deviant and it is considered even more deviant to partake in same s ex intercourse. At a rave many delinquents can be seen partaking in sexual acts on the dance floor, in the bathrooms, or even in corners. Another act of deviance that can be witnessed at a rave is nudity.Show MoreRelatedOn Raves and Club Drugs1058 Words   |  4 Pagesthis subculture, the rave subculture. After many years of this kind of happiness I asked myself many questions. Where did this come from? How long has it been in this social world? Is it going anywhere or is it just a dead end in our life where we cannot move forward? I wanted to know many facts about this subculture to understand its existence and don’t get confused between the feeling what just drugs give and the real feeling of being part of something special. First of all what is rave? HowRead MoreHow Was Sgt? Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band By The Beatles1025 Words   |  5 Pagessuggested that The Beatles influence of world music helped spread it across the west and allowed a larger insight into the Indian culture. ‘The Summer of Love embodied the values of the hippie counterculture of the 1960 s and similarly mirrors the beliefs and ideals of the subculture and counterculture of ravers today. The origin of the word ‘hip derives from English and American slang that used to mean being ‘aware and ‘in the know at the start of the 20th century, but began to be associatedRead MoreThe Rave Subculture Essay2619 Words   |  11 PagesAmerican rave subculture. The scene described above was my initiation into the underground subculture where rave kids, typically under twenty-one years old, are given secret invitations to attend private warehouse parties with dancing, drugs, and thousands of their closest friends. Because of my youthful and unorthodox appearance, I was invited to join the then-highly-exclusive underground scene and attended numerous raves in several major cities in North Carolina. Although my chosen subculture was notRead MoreThe Role of Music in Forming and Transforming Identities2290 Words   |  9 Pageswith regards to the formation and transformation of identities within the ‘emo’ subculture contrasting it to the dance music tradition. The subculture of emo music engulfed many young adults of today’s generation including myself and those who were drawn to its spectrum and their affiliation to the music will allow for an in-depth analysis of points made by scholars which will allow me to contrast the emo subculture to that of dance music. Dance music has become increasingly popular in the current

How to Write a Discursive Essay free essay sample

The writer of a discursive essay attempts to present both sides, while showing why he favours one side over the other. Discursive writing is a good way to learn how to structure an argument logically and anticipate and counter the arguments of the other side. These fundamentals are essential for a good essay. Introduction 1. Introduce a controversial topic in the first paragraph and explain the topic and how you feel about it. 2. Explain your strongest argument in the second paragraph. This should be the most compelling piece of evidence that you can support logically to aid your position. Strengthen it with expert opinions, statistics and real-world examples, but avoid anecdotal claims, especially when writing college essays. 3. Write supporting paragraphs in descending order of importance. Each paragraph should illustrate a single argument. 4. Explain the counterarguments to your essays thesis. Explain their beliefs and reasoning as completely as possible. Dont artificially weaken your opponents arguments; your essay will be stronger if you represent the counterarguments fairly. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Discursive Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5. Explain why you reject the opponents arguments. Your reasons might be moral, practical or logical. You may start with a concession statement, admitting that some of the opposing arguments are valid, but state that you still think your side is right. 6. Write a conclusion for your discursive essay that acknowledges your opponents principal argument, and explain why you dont subscribe to it. For example, if you were writing a paper against the death penalty, you might say, I acknowledge that murderers deserve the most severe punishment society has, but I believe the death penalty should not be used because it can lead to the execution of innocent people. Tips and Warnings * Writing discursive essays takes practice and patience. Make sure to give yourself time to review your argument and the flow of your essay. * Rewrite your essay before you submit it for review.

War Of Roses Essays - Knights Of The Garter, House Of York

War Of Roses 1. The main players of the War between the Roses Lancastrian Henry VI became King of England at the young age of one, succeeding his father Henry V. He was incapable of following in his mighty predecessor's footsteps. Fractions in the court dominated him all his life. Margaret was the daughter of the powerful French noble Rene of Anjou, was married to Henry VI to strengthen ties with France. She was beautiful, fiery, blunt, and was a loyal friend as well as a dangerous enemy. Her blatant favoritism caused much resentment in England, and set sparks which would later flare up into the Wars of the Roses. Somerset escalated the clash between the two families enormously. He was the bastard grandson of John of Gaunt and one of the King's closest relations, who handled a great amount of power. He supported King Henry VI and the Queen during the King's breakdown. William de la Pole was a magnate of moderate power who came to exercise much control in the Lancastrian circle. Yorkist Richard Plantagenet was a man of many titles and lands who was filled with a passion to raise his family to what he saw as their proper due. He was also the father of Edward IV and Richard III. His relationship with King Henry was amiable at first and his claim to the throne was considered strong enough for him to become heir to Henry VI. Salisbury staunchly stood by York at all times, even when York later endangered both of them with his arrogance. His devotion was paid back by death. Richard, the Earl of Warwick, was the most powerful noble ever seen in England. Richard was York's nephew and a firm defender of that party, continuing to fight alongside his cousin Edward after York's death. He eventually was the person who placed Edward on the throne. Edward IV, Earl of March, was handsome and skilled. He fought by his father's side during the early years of the Wars of the Roses. When his father was killed at Wakefield, he became leader of the Yorkist cause. In 1461 he organized a landing at Sandwich, then marched into London and claimed the throne for himself, crowning himself King Edward IV. Upon the death of his father, the Duke of York, in the battle of Wakefield on December 31, 1460, Edward took up both the position and the quarrel of his father. 2-3. The reasons for The Wars of Roses and the final outcome The reason the Wars of the Roses started was to determine who would have control over the English throne. It was between the descendants of the sons of Edward III, the Duke of York and the Duke of Lancaster. In 1399 Henry of Bolingbroke, the son of the Duke of Lancaster, seized the throne from Richard II and declared himself King Henry IV. This placed the House of Lancaster, son John of Gaunt, on the throne of England even though there were descendants better suited by birth rank to be king, such as the Earl of March. The people opposed Henry IV until his death. When he died his son was crowned King Henry V and proved to be a great king. He led his army into France and scored several victories, but Henry V died in 1422 leaving the one year old Prince Henry as his heir. When he became old enough to rule England he listened too much to his current favorite advisor, which made him unpopular with his people. The struggle began in 1455 when Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, challenged Henry VIs right to be king. Richard was descended in the direct male line from Edward III's fifth son, Edmund, Duke of York, and through his mother, Anne Mortimer, in the direct female line from the third son Lionel Duke of Clarence. Richard had a better title to the throne than Henry VI. Despite this fact the Yorkist family chose not to press its claim. Henry IV and his son, Henry V, were well supported by the population, and any attempt to overthrow Lancastrian power during their reign would have been a difficult endeavor. This changed upon the reign of Henry VI. Henry VI married Margaret of Anjou, the daughter of an influential

Throughout the progression of this class

Throughout the progression of this class I have formed an increasing interest in what history is. Moreover, this is what I have given the most of my attention to, simply because I have never thought of this process in any other terms beside the ones I had learned throughout my childhood schooling. Much of the historical dates, events and arguements have never been of particular interest to me. Although, because of my recent awakenings to the historical process, I have become much more interested in the truthfulness of history and what the best way is for that truth to be attained. In the following paragraphs I would like to share with you my findings. All of these findings have come from, not only the modern opinion of history, but also historians of the past and the advancement of the process of an historian, as critiqued by modern analysts. Without the dedication of the historians of the past, and their pursuit of truth, historians would not have such a comprehensive understanding of history. In many ways, we can understand more about the accuracy of history by looking at the theories of our forefathers. In the first chapter of Great Issues in Western Civilization, there were many different theories on how to record history. Some historians debated on understanding history by scientific relationships, and others sought to understand history by modern principles. For example, John Edward Emerich Acton thought that he could better understand the actions of men in the past based on his present principles. On the other hand, Herbert Butterfield says that, Real historical understanding is not achieved by the subordination of the past to the present, but rather by our making the past our present and attempting to see life with the eyes of another century than our own. Or, Leo Strauss, who said, If principles are sufficiently justified by the fact that they are accepted by a society, the principles of ...

Operations Management and Supply Chains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operations Management and Supply Chains - Essay Example This helps to minimize the unnecessary movements of the inventory within the work place which in turn lowers the cost of material handling. This will also eliminate the necessity of having a large space for storing inventory within the firm (CSCMP and Nada, 2014). To successfully lower the inventory as well as the lot size, the firm must always know what it has to produce, when it should produce and the quantity of the product it should produce. This in turn will depend on the demand of the product and a clear knowledge of the amount of raw materials and labor force required. Effective methods of forecasting the demand will help predict the quantity that consumers will need in the long term period. The availability of the required labor will eliminate the necessity of adjusting the operation hours all the time and avoids the possibility of stoppage of work due to inadequate labor. Upon achieving all these important factors then the firm can comfortably order the amount of inventory required for that given period only. For I know the plans I have for you,† says the lord. â€Å"They are plans for good and not for disaster, to give you a future and a hope (Jeremiah 29:11). Another means of lowering inventory and lot size is through proper process and product designs. Through proper designs in the process and the product means that there is less uncertainity in the production process that builds confidence in the workers and ensures that the consumers will accept the products. As a result, it will not be necessary for the firm to maintain additional inventory or lot size to cater for the uncertainties. In addition, good process design will ensure flexibility in the operations hence easy to adjust the system to respond to changes in customer demands and preferences (CSCMP and Nada, 2014). Lean production system aims at maximizing the value that is added by each

Consider how a PR professional might use government data to support a Essay

Consider how a PR professional might use government data to support a PR strategy - Essay Example Every PR strategy must have publics. These are the various groups of people associated with the company that the message is targeted at. The publics are both internal and external. Internal publics include the employees, the management, the shareholders and the food suppliers. The external publics include the customers, regulatory bodies and industry organizations. In this strategy, the external publics are the main target. This is because the strategy aims at ensuring customers ingest healthy amounts of sodium, showing government and regulatory bodies that the company aims to serve customers healthy foods and assuring industry organizations that the company does not practice underhand dealings that could portray the industry in bad light. Internal publics will be educated in accordance with the new requirements. The suppliers will be advised to alter their products in accordance with the new guidelines. They will also be made aware of the reasons why they are altering their products. The staff that prepares the food and interacts with customers will be educated on the sodium levels and health matters and trained on how to give advice to customers and guide them in making healthy choices. The second element is the logic or message. The message conveys the company’s stand on the issue. The message will be based on research, mainly of the FDA report on the amount of sodium in food and other related documents from the same body and related institutions. It will involve health benefits of consuming the medically recommended amounts of sodium. It will also list the risks associates with the intake of high amounts of sodium. In addition, it will aim to educate customers on how to figure out the right amount of sodium levels to consume. Using the percent daily value, consumers can know the amount of sodium each food contributes to their daily intake; 5%DV (120 mg) or less of sodium per serving is low

Ratio Analysis Sainsburys Vs Morrisons Finance Essay

Ratio Analysis Sainsburys Vs Morrisons Finance Essay When considered as a whole, the grocery market in the UK has  steadily growing  in size, being about 4  bigger  today than it has been  a year ago;   August 2012 update: 12 weeks ending July 8, 2012 growth rate slows from 4.2% to 2.1% due mostly to a drop in price inflation: 6.2% to 3.8%.  Morrisons is growing more slowly then Sainsburys; the company is on track to add approx. 20 new stores  in 2012  with most of those locations featuring a  larger selection of produce. The UK grocery market was worth  £163.2 billion in 2012, an increase of 3.8% on 2011, IGD forecast that the UK grocery market value will be worth  £192.6bn in 2017, an 18.0% increase on 2012. The grocery markets share accounts for 54.3p in every  £1 of UK retail spending. What is the size of the UK grocery market Source: IGD UK channel forecasts 2012 1.2 The Companies 1.2.1 Sainsburys J Sainsbury plc. is the parent company of Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd, commonly known as Sainsburys, the third largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom with a share of the UK supermarket sector of 16.5%. The group also has interests in property and banking. It was founded in 1869 and today operates over 1,000 supermarkets and convenience stores and employs around 150,000 colleagues. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. 1.2.2 Morrisons The supermarket, which generated sales of  £18.1 billion in the year, said it had not done enough to communicate its promotions and suffered because it still lacked a meaningful presence in the two fastest growing sectors of the market. Morrisons is the UKs fourth largest food retailer with over 400 stores. The super market is mainly food and grocery weekly shop. Morrisons employs 129,000 staff at 498 stores. Their reports show that like-for-like sales dropped 2.1% in the year, while the average of 11.4 million customers in its stores each week was down on the prior year. 2. Gearing Ratio Analysis 2.1 Gearing Ratios Gearing Ratios (%) Company/Year 2012 2011 Sainsbury 31.73 30.13 Morrison 22.86 16.25 Source : Appendix 1 Sainsburys A gearing between 25% 50% is generally considered nominal for an established business. It implies that Sainsbury is happy to finance its activities using borrowing. Sainsbury focuses more on investment in revenue growth rather than profit as the company increased sales revenue and non-current assets but suffered a loss in 2012. Morrisons The business is considered low gearing as its gearing is less than 25%. The business is growing through reinvestment of profits and minimizing risk. However, in 2012, there is an increase in gearing from 16.25% in 2011 to 22.86% and this is mainly because the business increased long-term borrowings by  £548m and reduced retained earnings and shared capital. 2.2 Interest Cover Ratio Interest Cover Ratio Company/Year 2012 2011 Sainsbury 6.04 7.40 Morrsion 20.59 20.62 Source : Appendix 2 Sainsburys The ratio indicates that the borrowing capital is used effectively to generate profits and that the business is able to meet its short-term interest obligations from its earnings. Sainsbury is growing, making worthwhile investments to continue to expand. Morrisons The ratio suggests that Morrison is generating enough income to cover its interest obligations and is thus financially stable. However, such a high ratio also suggests that Morrison is neglecting opportunities to magnify profits through leverage. 3. LIQUIDITY RATIO ANALYSIS 3.1 CURRENT RATIO COMPANY/YEAR 2011 2012 SAINSBURY .580 .647 MORRISON .545 .574 Source : Appendix 3 Sainsburys Sainsburys current assets are considerably less than the current liabilities in both the years as Sainsbury has invested a lot in fixed assets as well as in subsidiaries and joint ventures. Sainsbury is obliged to pay a lot of money as a part of tax and also in generating its assets so the liability is therefore more than the assets. For every 1pound liability they have only 64.7 pence worth of asset to cover it. Morrisons Morrison current ratio is smaller than the current ratio of Sainsbury which indicates that Sainsbury is doing slightly better than Morrison in the market. Morrison current liabilities is more than the current assets due to more of borrowing that involves short term loans, investment in fixed assets and payment of tax. For every 1pound liability they have only 57.4 worth of asset to cover it. 3.2 ACID TEST RATIO COMPANY/YEAR 2011 2012 SAINSBURY .304 .348 MORRISON .239 .247 Source : Appendix 4 Sainsburys The acid test ratio is very less as Sainsbury, being a retail store, is highly dependent on sale of inventory. As acid test ratio of Sainsbury is .348 that is less than 1 it means that Sainsbury cannot pay their current liabilities. Morrisons Like Sainsburys, Morrison also being highly dependent on inventories, acid ratio is expected to be less. Morrisons acid ratio is .247, which is less than 1, meaning Morrison cannot pay their current liabilities. It would be only able to generate 24.7 % cash of its current liabilities. Both the companies fails in extinguishing its current liabilities but this is not due to their market position or growth but just due to the nature of the business (retail). 4. PROFITABILITY RATIO ANALYSIS 4.1 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Return on Capital Employed Co./Year 2012 2011 Sainsburys 10.11 % 11.06 % Morrisons 13.83 % 13.70 % (Source : Appendix 5 ) Sainsburys ROCE growth in 2012 was lower than last year partly due to the cumulative effect of Sainsburys accelerated investment in space growth since 2009 (Sainsburys, 2011). This initially shrank profits whilst increasing the value of capital employed. Morrisons Morrisons delivered improved returns to its shareholders. For every  £1 capital invested in the business, the annual return is 13.83 pence in 2012 and was 13.70 pence in 2011. This profitability ratio of Morrison is moderately higher than Sainsburys, hence Morrisons is able to gain more profit on average capital employed. 4.2 Return on Equity (ROE) Return on Equity Co./Year 2012 2011 Sainsburys 10.62 % 11.79 % Morrisons 12.78 % 11.66 % (Source : Appendix 6) Sainsburys Sainsburys Return on Equity in 2012 has decreased by 1.17 % compared to 2011 due to decline in shareholder funds. In 2011, they performed slightly better than Morrisons as they had better reserves and share capital and the Profit after Tax (PAT) was significantly lower than Morrisons. Morrisons Morrisons ROE has significantly improved over d last few years and continue to reach high values. In 2012, they showed a 1.12% increase in ROE compared to 2011 and had a 12.78 % shareholder equity. The shareholders invested a lot which resulted in higher returns. 4.3 Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit Margin Co./Year 2012 2011 Sainsburys 5.43 % 5.49 % Morrisons 6.89 % 6.96 % (Source : Appendix 7) Sainsburys A moderate decline in the ratio between 2011 and 2012 explains the fact that the gross profit was lower in relation to sales revenue. This means that cost of sales was higher relative to sales revenue within the period. Morrisons Morrisons Gross Profit Margin is higher than Sainsburys as they had a lower sales revenue and moderate gross profit compared to the latter. In 2012, 6.89 % of the net sales are available to pay off all the operating expenses. 4.4 Net/Operating Profit Margin Net/Operating Profit Margin Co./Year 2012 2011 Sainsburys 3.74 % 4.07 % Morrisons 5.48 % 5.38 % (Source : Appendix 8) Sainsburys Sainsbury accounted to lower Net Profit Margin than Morrisons because of falling sales and rising costs. The market has a lot of competition where small groceries and convenience stores capture quite a bit of total UK food retail. Morrisons Morrisons performed fairly well and showed significant increase in the operating profits from Sainsburys over the past year. It accounted 5.48 % Net Profit Margin in the current financial year (Sales Revenue:  £17663m). It is a result of superior execution and induction of higher margin products in their sales mix. Morrisons seems to be more profitable than Sainsburys across all available profitability measures. 5.0 Efficiency Ratios (Source of Data, Apendix 9, Financial Reports of Sainsburys and Morrisons) 5.1 Fixed Assets Turnover This ratio shows how efficiently the company is using fixed assets to generate sales. Low ratios indicate the company is capital intensive or that company requires a lot of fixed assets to generate a given amount of sales. (Gildersleeve, R. (1999) p.136). Efficiency Ratios Year/Comp. Sainsburys Morrisons 2011 2.40 times 2.18 times 2012 2.39 times 2.22 times Sainsburys In 2012 Sainsburys shows an increase in Sales Revenue for approx 1,100  £m, which made its ratio slightly lower comparing to 2011. The ratio remained fairly similar because the value of fixed assets at net book value increased as well. The reason for the increase in fixed assets could be explained by Sainsburys tendency for opening new stores. The financial report states that they opened 19 new supermarkets, 28 extensions, and 73 convenience stores, which are only to begin operating and contributing to sales. Morrisons On the other hand Morrisons managed to improve their ratio by obtaining similar value of their fixed assets from 2011 to 2012, and using them more efficiently to score an increase in sales revenue of 1,100 £m. Generally looking at the industry the Average ratios for Retail Food companies are between 4-5 (Wal-Mart Stores USA 5.00), (Gildersleeve, R. (1999) p.136), so Sainsburys should aim to increase the use of their fixed assets in order to increase the sales. 5.2 Average Inventories Turnover Shows how many days company had to stock goods for sale before they were sold. In the retail-food industry this period should be kept fairly low because of the nature of the business. Lower ratio indicates that company will spend less funds towards stocking items before putting it on sale and getting profit from it. Average Inventories Turnover Year /Comp. Sainsbury Morrison 2011 14.86 Days 15.19 Days 2012 15.85 Days 16.85 Days Sainsburys Sainsburys shows growth in the average of inventories held over the course of year by almost 100  £m. As costs of sales have increased from 2011-2012, this ratio shows a slight growth in number of days goods are kept in stock. The increase of inventory in stock could be explained by Sainsburys growth of sales in 2012. Higher demand forces company to have more items in stock in order to satisfy the needs of the customers. Morrisons Morrisons shows even higher growth in average days the goods are stocked. Morrisons also note the increase in cost of sales, even more than Sainsburys. The financial reports of Morrisons state a few reasons, among which increasingly higher prices of fuel on the market. 5.3 Profit Per Employee Profit Per Employee Year/ Comp. Sainsbury Morrison 2011 5,572.78  £ per emp. 6,617.50  £ per emp. 2012 5,256.58  £ per emp. 7,217.60  £ per emp. Sainsburys It is notable that companys profit has been reduced from 2011-2012 for 2.8 m £, which is 3.4%, even though its sales have risen for 6.8%. This could be explained by the number of reasons, but one of them that is important for this ratio is that they have also increased the number of employees. This has negatively influenced their Profit per Employee ratio, leaving it behind the industry average and Morrisons. Morrisons Unlike Sainsburys, Morrisons notes the increase in profit and reduction of number of employees. This is the most desirable situation for a company. Their profit was higher for 8 % in 2012 than in 2011. 5.4 Average Trade Debtor Collection Period It indicates the period of time which is needed for company to collect trade debts. This ratio reveals a great deal about a companys credit policy and the efficiency which it can collect money from its customers. (Fight, A. (2006) p. 57)). Average Trade Debtor Collection Period Year/Comp. Sainsbury Morrison 2011 1.61Days 4.79 Days 2012 1.90 Days 4.34 Days Sainsburys Sainsburys shows an increase in the average time that they needed to collect the trade dept. Even though their costs of sales remained fairly similar, there was a substantial increase in the amount of trade debt. Even though this negatively influenced the ratio, Sainsburys has made trades from which they expect to receive money in near future. Furthermore their ratio shows efficiency at collecting debts, comparing both to the industry and Morrisons. Morrisons Morrisons have significantly higher average debt collection period. Even though they have managed to slightly decrease their Trade receivables from 2011-2012, their costs of sales increased by approx 1,000 £m which has not made it possible for this ratio to improve further. 6. INVESTMENT RATIO ANALYSIS FORMULAS * Eearning Per Shares = profit available to shareholders/ no. of shares ranked for dividend * Dividend Yield= dividend per share/ market price * 100% *Dividend cover = Preference Dividend/Ordinary Dividend SAINSBURYS MORRISONS 2011 2012 2011 2012 (%) (%) EARNING PER SHARE 33.8 31.5 23.43 26.03 DIVIDEND YIELD 15.10 16.1 9.60 10.70 DIVIDEND COVER 1.75 1.75 2.40 2.39 6.1 EARNING PER SHARE YEAR Sainsburys In 2011 Sainsburys experienced a sharp increase in earnings per share going up by 33.8%. And in 2012 the Sainsbury went down with 31.5% having a loss of 2.3%. It is important that assets are revaluated in order to keep the real value of assets on balance sheet. Earnings per share in 2011 increased by 2.3% to 33.8 p, reflecting the improvement in the operating profit and the effect of the additional shares, more importantly due to the property profits. Morrisons Morrisons earnings per share compared to Sainsburys are lower. This is driven by smaller profit and the fact that Morrisons is a smaller sized supermarket chain. The earning per share has 23.43% at 2011 mainly caused by the higher profits on business disposals that the company went through last year, so the return to shareholders was a lower rate per share. 6.2 DIVIDEND YIELD YEAR Sainsburys The dividend yield had a slightly decreased since the dividend per share only increased by 15.10% from 2011 year. This was a decision from the company and it reflects the reduction in the earning per share already mentioned and the fall in the dividend cover by 1.75% in 2011. Morrisons Morrison dividend yield is much less in 2011 it was 9.6% and in 2012 the dividend went up to 10.70%. 6.3 DIVIDEND COVER YEAR Sainsburys Dividend cover of Sainsburys says that earnings available for dividend cover is 1.75% in 2011 and also in 2012 so there was not change in the divided cover over the past two years. In terms of dividend cover, Sainsburys has its policy based on their calculations to maintain the dividend cover between 1.50 1.75 times. The reason behind it is that if the dividend cover is too low, there is a possibility that the company will not be able to pay out the investors. Morrisons In Morrisons divided cover, it showers that in 2011 it has 2.40% whereas in 2012 it has 2.39%, which is still more than Sainsbury. For the year 2011 Morrisons dividend cover is 2.4 times, claim that it is in line with the European food retail sector average (Morrisons, 2011). 7. Future Perspectives and Strategies Both Sainsburys and Morrisons have their business strategies for future outlined in their financial statements. Morrisons financial strategy continues to deliver improved margins whilst positioning long term growth. They wish to increase their customer appeal and growth of sales, which is meant to be converted into profitable growth. They have realized the potential in online retail, so they will finally enter the online groceries market to challenge Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys, making it the last of the major supermarket groups to have an internet presence, but only after reporting its first fall in profits for six years.C:UsersUSERDesktopfinancial management1.JPG Sainsburys based their business strategy on meeting consumer needs, taking into the account the on-going inflation over the past four years. The economic downturn has changed how and what consumers buy, and these changes appear to be lasting. In 2012 they have launched their Live Well for Less campaign based on awarding loyalty and providing the best quality possible for optimal price. Through Nectar loyalty scheme they have a wealth of data about their customers behaviour. C:UsersUSERDesktopfinancial management2.JPG Source of the table: Morrisons financial statement 2012. Source: Sainsburys Financial Statement 2012 8 Conclusions Financial statements suggest that Morrisons financial performance was very good. They had a profitable year (profit of  £58m) while Sainsburys performance was not good compared to 2011 (loss of  £42m). Morrisons financial performance was strong, and they continued to invest in long term growth of the business, and to deliver increasing returns to shareholders. Even after having steady increase in sales revenue and gross profit, Sainsbury suffered loss compared to previous year mainly because their interest and tax expenses increased while profit from joint ventures reduced. Though Sainsburys acquisition of non-current assets was underfinanced with long term sources of finance, they still managed to generate more sales and cover the debt payable easily. Alternatively, Morrisons financial management was excellent as they covered all their non-current assets with long term sources of finance. High interest cover ratio indicates that there is no sort of pressure on the company and is very profitable. References Fight, A (2006) Flow Forecasting, UK: CFrion Tec. Pvt. Stickney C.P (2010) Financial Accounting : an introduction to concepts methods and uses USA: South Western Cengage Learning Smart B.S Megginson W.L (2009) Introduction to Corporate Finance USA: South Western Cengage Learning Alberth S.W (2011) Accounting, Concepts Applications, What, Why, How of Accounting USA: South Western Cengage Learning Gildersleeve R. (1999) Winning Business: How to use Financial Analysis and Benchmarks to outscore your competition Houston: Tex Gult Pub. Co. Unknown (2010) An evaluation of the business and financial performance of morrisons. Available at: http://www.ukessays.com/dissertations/business/financial-performance-of-morrisons.php#ixzz2NhjC0HdW (Accessed: 15/03/2013) London Stock Exchange (2013) London Stock Exchange Available at: www.londonstockexchange.com (Accessed: 20/03/2013) Morrison Group (2013) Financial Reports Available at: http://www.morrisons.co.uk/Corporate/Investor-centre/Financial-reports/ (Accessed: 18/03/2013) Sainsburys Group (2013) Annual Report and Financial Statements 2011 Available At: http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ar11/ (Accessed: 10/03/2013) Unknown (2013) Forces analyses of Sainsbury Available at: http://www.oxbridgewriters.com/essays/management/forces-analyses-of-sainsbury.php (Accessed at: 18/03/2013) Appendix 1 Gearing Ratio = Long Term Loans + Value of Preference Shares Share Capital + Reserves + Long term Loans + Minority Interest Sainsburys 2012 2011 2617 + 0 538 + 5091 + 2617 + 0 2339 + 0 535 + 4889 + 2339 + 0 = 31.73 % = 30.13 % Morrisons 2012 2011 1600 + 0 253 + 5144 + 1600 + 0 1052 + 0 266 + 5154 + 1052 + 0 = 22.86 % = 16.25 % Appendix 2 Interest Cover Ratio = Profit before interest and tax Interest payable Sainsbury 2012 2011 834 138 859 116 = 6.04 = 7.40 Morrison 2012 2011 968 47 887 43 = 20.59 = 20.62 Appendix 3 Current ratio = current assets / current liabilities Sainsburys 2011 2012 Current assets = 1708 Current liabilities = 2942 Current ratio = 1708/2942 = .580 Current assets = 2032 Current liabilities = 3136 Current ratio = 2032/3136 = .647 Morrisons 2011 2012 current assets = 1138 current liabilities = 2086 current ratio = 1138/2086 = .545 Current assets = 1322 current liabilities = 2303 current ratio = 1322/2303 = .574 Appendix 4 Acid test ratio = liquid asset / current liabilities Liquid asset = current asset inventories 2011 2012 Current assets = 1708 inventories = 812 liquid asset = 1708 812 = 896 current liabilities = 2942 acid test ratio = 896 / 2942 = .304 Current assets = 2032 inventories = 938 liquid asset = 2032 938 = 1094 current liabilities = 3136 acid test ratio = 1094 / 3136 = .348 Sainsburys Morrisons 2011 2012 current assets = 1138 inventories = 638 liquid asset = 1138 638 = 500 current liabilities = 2086 acid test ratio = 500 / 2086 = .239 current assets = 1322 inventories = 759 liquid asset = 1322 759 = 569 current liabilities = 2703 acid test ratio = 569 / 2703 = .247 Appendix 5 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) ROCE = For Sainsburys 2012 2011 834 X 100 538 + 5091 + 2617 + 0 859 X 100 535 + 4889 + 2339 + 0 = 10.11 % = 11.06 % For Morrisons 2012 2011 968 X 100 253 + 5144 + 1600 + 0 887 X 100 266 + 5154 + 1643 + 0 = 13.83 % = 13.70 % Appendix 6 Return on Equity ( ROE ) = Profit after Tax X 100 Share Capital + Reserves For Sainsburys 2012 2011 598 X 100 538 + 5091 640 X 100 535 + 4889 = 10.62 % = 11.79 % For Morrisons 2012 2011 690 X 100 253 + 5144 632 X 100 266 + 5154 = 12.78 % = 11.66 % Appendix 7 Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit X 100 Sales Revenue For Sainsburys 2012 2011 1211 X 100 22294 1160 X 100 21102 = 5.43 % = 5.49 % For Morrisons 2012 2011 1217 X 100 17663 1148 X 100 16479 = 6.89 % = 6.96 %

Is Science Moving Too Quickly? :: Technology Essays

Is Science Moving Too Quickly? Before when I heard the word science the first thing came to my mind was human cloning. However, recently I started thinking deeper toward this issue. Before, I thought everything about science is unnatural. Scientists are going against God and Human nature. After reading Bishop's and Rifkins's articles my view changed toward science completely. By comparing and contrasting these great scholars, science made more sense to me. In 1995 J. Michael Bishop wrote an article deploring the detractors of scientific advancement and exploration. Likewise, in 1988 (republished in 1998) Jeremy Rifkin wrote an article warning of the dangers of advances in the science of biotechnology and calling for caution in that area. Both men agree on several issues but disagree on many more. The credentials of both men are very different. J. Michael Bishop, a professor of microbiology at UC San Francisco, as the result of "a seemingly obscure observation" (Bishop 239) regarding a virus that causes cancer in chickens, has won a Nobel Prize for identifying genes that are involved in the genesis of human cancer. Jeremy Rifkin is a well-known, well-written, informed, respected social activist, a not-for-profit watchdog for Everyman. Both men mention religion. Bishop is annoyed over having to re-fight battles with "religious zealots" like those who press for the teaching of creationism despite the finding for Darwin's theory in the Scopes trial. Rifkin appeals to them: Human-authored creation could lead to a "laboratory-conceived second Genesis" which could then lead to a "biological Tower of Babel and the spread of chaos throughout the biological world, drowning out the ancient language of creation" (Rifkin 245). Bishop is probably more scientifically knowledgeable overall. However, in the article he makes an interesting point unintentionally not in his favor, regarding scientific ignorance. "[Many adult Americans] do not even know that the Earth circles the Sun" (Bishop 241). Recently, "a prominent member of Congress betrayed his ignorance of how the prostate gland differs from the testes" (Bishop 241). Bishop also says that even scientists do not understand each other. After "laboring mightily" to make a text understandable by the readers of Scientific American, (a magazine not for the uneducated), he was dismayed by the comment of a "solid-state physicist of considerable merit" who asked him, "What exactly is a gene?" (Bishop 242). Likewise he reports that 23 geophysicists could not distinguish between DNA and RNA; a Nobel Prize winning chemist had never heard of plate tectonics; and biologists who thought string theory might have something to do with pasta.

Different Research strategies you can use in your Dissertation

Different Research strategies you can use in your Dissertation Different Research strategies you can use in your Dissertation One of the key problems you need to address early on when writing your dissertation is that of the best strategy to use to conduct your researchThat is, how will you go about answering the research questions you want to investigate Defining your research strategy means deciding whether you want to do primary research or confine yourself to the existing literature. You can get help deciding whether a primary or secondary study is best for you from one of our helpful guides. Research strategy for secondary studies is fairly straightforward, although you do have to look at your search methods and define key words and so on. However, defining different research strategies you can use in your dissertation to conduct primary studies is slightly more involved. This guide will help you understand the basics by looking at some of the most common research strategies.Case StudiesCase studies are a type of descriptive research looking at individuals, a small group of people or a unit (an organ isation for example). Data is collected by observation, participation and a range of other methods including examining existing records, interviews and tests Case studies may include participants own accounts Conclusions are relevant primarily to the people or unit studied, they are not as appropriate if you want to generalise to a much wider population Case studies tend not to look at cause and effect, rather they focus upon exploring and describing A typical case study looks at the way a number of variables interact in order to fully understand a given situation Case studies are usually used for qualitative research Case studies are useful for ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions, where context is important, and where the researcher has little control over events.SurveysSurvey research is frequently used in social science research. Surveys are also used in commercial settings, primarily market research. Surveys often gather quantitative data, but can also gather qua litative information through open-ended questions Surveys are carried out on a sample of respondents from a selected population through the administration of a questionnaire. The questionnaire can be done online, face-to-face or over the telephone. Surveys are very flexible and can be used to collect different types of data from small or large numbers of people Surveys can also be useful across a wide range of disciplines from business to anthropology The data collected in surveys needs to be analysed to produce useful results. Quantitative data (numbers) is typically analysed using statistical software like SPSS. Qualitative data can be analysed by a number of techniques including coding and thematic analysis.InterviewsAn interview is a discussion with one or more people. The matters raised are recorded (video-taped, audio-recorded or written down) and subsequently analysed Interviews are very flexible. They can be highly structured and formalised, with all the possible options det ermined in advance (a quantitative survey administered face-to-face would be an interview of this type) or unstructured and relaxed. Interviews are usually divided into three groups, depending upon the degree to which they are structured: structured, semi-structured and unstructured interviews. Structured interviews are based on a pre-determined set of questions and allow little-to-no scope for deviation from the structure. Unstructured interviews start with a few broad questions or areas for discussion, and the interviewer uses techniques like prompting and probing to elicit responses from the participants. Interviews can involve one subject, or a group of subjects, but typically no more than 5 or 6 people in a group. The dynamics of a one-to-one interview and a group interview are different and are suitable for different purposes: one-to-one interviews are useful where you want people to open up about personal or private matters, while group interviews allow people to interact and create group dynamics.Other StrategiesAction research, also known as participatory research and collaborative inquiry can be seen as a process of research through doing something. It involves the ability to usefully reflect upon process in order to improve understanding of practices and situations Ethnomethodology as an approach tries to understand the way people interact with each other, and therefore studies social realities, often of the day-to-day lives of ordinary people. Its concern is with how people make sense of their world. Grounded theory research does not have a set of assumptions or research objectives which are tested against reality. Rather it generates theory by first examining a social situation and seeing what explanations could account for the phenomena.BibliographyBadke, W (2012) Research Strategies: Finding your way through the information fog (4th edn), iUniverse, USA Colorado State University (2013) ‘Case Study’ [online] (cited 6th March 2013) available from http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=60 Marsden, P V and Wright, J D (2010) Handbook of Survey Research (2nd edn.), Emerald Group Publishing, London. Punch, K (2003) Survey Research: The Basics, SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA.

The Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki - 1174 Words

Morality of The Bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki There have been various arguments regarding the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that continually surface as to whether it was necessary or morally right to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. Depending upon whose side of the argument you have heard causes one to question whether this was a morally right or wrong decision that was made. Serious reconciliation is needed due to this event, and both sides of the argument need to be strongly considered (Shin, 663). There are various possibilities the United States had greater reasoning that pushed them to drop the bombs and view their decision as morally right. On the other hand it is unavoidable to face the reality of humans killing humans in†¦show more content†¦Even following the twin shocks of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the army still insisted on their fight to the end (Asada, 52). Japan conveyed seeming rejection toward the Americans and they wanted to move forward (Asada, 49). Today, Americans still have great difficulty viewing their actions being wrong. They do not want to see their nation as vulnerable to the same moral failings as others, so they reject it (Alperovitz, 8). War also creates the mindset where unacceptable actions are viewed as the right thing to do. It is very possible that the American’s truly believed their actions were the proper way of handling the situation. The Japanese people have an ugly history to confront, including not only Pearl Harbor but also the bombing of Shanghai, the rape of Nanking, the forced prostitution of Korean women, the horror of the Bataan death march, and the systematic torture and murder of American and other prisoners of war (Gar Alperovitz, 8). This suggests that the American’s were not the only people involved in the brutal attacks and that Japan was almost, if not equally just as wrong in their actions (Asada, 30). Although the bombs may be viewed as morally wrong, it is not the first time that morality has been abandoned. From another perspective, the bombs were completely wrong in a morality perspective. Japan had a very weak military force during this time;